How Are Solar Panels Installed?

If you're considering installing solar panels, you'll likely have many questions that need addressing. You may find yourself wondering about the best solar panels on the market, which installer you should trust and how you should go about getting a quote.

It's also completely normal to have concerns about whether the panels will look good on your roof, if they could potentially cause damage or if your roof is even suitable for solar panel installation.

Another question you may have is 'how are solar panels installed?' In our step-by-step guide, we aim to explain this exactly in a clear and straightforward manner. We will break down each stage of the installation process so that you can feel informed and confident in your decision. Our goal is to avoid overly technical language so you fully understand what to expect from start to finish.

In our step-by-step guide, you'll learn:

✔ The entire installation process including essential steps such as setting up scaffolding, securing mounts to the roof and installing the solar panels themselves.

✔ Considerations for roof suitability including orientation, angle and structural integrity.

✔ Planning permissions and whether they are required for your property.

How Solar Panels Are Installed - Quick Overview

Before the actual installation of solar panels on your home, several important steps need to be taken:

• Step 1 - Check if you need planning permission.

• Step 2 - Receive quote from chosen solar panel installer.

Once the installation date has been agreed, you can expect a straightforward process that typically takes about two days to complete starting with:

• Step 3 - Scaffolding is set up.

• Step 4 - Mounts are attached to roof.

• Step 5 - Solar panels and wiring are installed.

• Step 6 - Solar inverter is connected.

• Step 7 - Solar battery is added (optional).

• Step 8 - Solar panels are tested.

• Step 9 - Receive your MCS pack to apply for SEG tariffs.

Step 1 - Check If You Need Planning Permission

Before you begin the installation process, you need to check if you require planning permission for your solar panels. In many areas, solar panel installations are considered 'permitted development' meaning you don't need explicit permission. However, this can vary depending on your location, property type and local regulations.

You should contact your local planning authority or check their website for specific guidelines. If you live in a listed building or a conservation area, you'll likely need to obtain permission before proceeding. It's crucial to confirm these requirements early in the process to avoid potential legal issues or the need to remove panels later. Once you've clarified the planning permission status, you can confidently move forward with the next step in your solar panel installation project.

Step 2 - Receive Quote from Chosen Solar Installer

After confirming your planning permission status, your next step is to receive a solar panel quote from your chosen installer. During this process, the installer will assess your property and energy needs to provide you with a detailed proposal. This quote will include a system design tailored to your roof's specifications and your energy consumption patterns. The installer will explain the type and number of panels recommended as well as the expected energy output and potential savings.

You'll also discuss the placement of other components such as inverters and batteries if applicable. This is your opportunity to ask questions and clarify any concerns you may have about the installation process or the equipment. Once you're satisfied with the proposal, you'll agree on an installation date that works for both you and the installer. This date should allow enough time for any necessary preparations and take into account factors such as weather conditions.

Need some advice? Read our guide on how to choose a solar panel installer.

Step 3 - Scaffolding is Set Up

Depending on your installer, scaffolding is set up either on the day of installation or a few days before. This step is crucial for ensuring the safety of the installation team and providing easy access to your roof. You'll see the installers arrive with scaffolding equipment which they'll assemble around the perimeter of your house. The scaffolding will typically reach the roof's edge and may extend slightly higher to allow for comfortable working conditions. This structure provides a stable platform for the installers to work from which allows them to safely transport solar panels and other equipment to the roof.

Depending on the size and complexity of your roof, this process can take a few hours to complete. Once the scaffolding is securely in place, the team can proceed with the next steps of the installation process.

Step 4 - Mounts are Attached to Roof

With the scaffolding in place, the next step involves attaching the mounting system to your roof. The installers will carefully position and secure the mounting brackets or rails which are the metal framework that attaches your solar panels to your roof. They're designed to ensure that the panels are properly positioned to capture the sun’s rays. The installers will use specialised hardware and techniques to ensure a strong and weather-resistant connection to your roof's structure.

Depending on your roof type, this may involve attaching the mounts to the rafters or trusses beneath the roofing material. The installers will take precautions to avoid damaging your roof and to prevent any leaks. They may need to drill pilot holes and use sealant to create a watertight seal around the mounting points. This stage requires careful attention to detail and adherence to the system design to guarantee the long-term stability and performance of your solar panel installation.

Is your roof suitable for solar panels? Read our in-depth article to find out.

Step 5 - Solar Panels and Wiring are Installed

With the mounting system securely in place, you'll see the installation team begin to install the solar panels themselves. They will carefully lift each panel onto the roof and attach it to the mounting rails. The panels are positioned precisely according to the system design to maximise sun exposure and energy production.

As the panels are secured, the installers will also work on the wiring. They'll connect each panel to the next using specialised solar cables, creating a series of interconnected panels. These connections allow the electricity generated by the panels to flow towards the inverter. The installers will ensure that all wiring is properly insulated and protected from the elements.

They'll also create a main wire run from the panel array to the inverter location, typically running this along your roof and down the side of your house. Throughout this process, the team will follow strict safety protocols and adhere to electrical codes to ensure a safe and efficient installation.

Step 6 - Solar Inverter is Connected

After the solar panels and wiring are in place, the next crucial step is connecting the solar inverter. The inverter is typically installed near your main electrical panel either inside your home or on an exterior wall. You'll see the installation team mount the inverter securely and connect it to the main wire run from your solar panel array.

The inverter's primary function is to convert the direct current (DC) electricity produced by your solar panels into alternating current (AC) electricity that your home can use. The installers will ensure that the inverter is properly grounded and that all connections are secure. They will also program the inverter with the specific parameters of your solar system to optimise its performance.

Once the inverter is connected and configured, you're one step closer to having a fully functional solar power system.

Step 7 - Solar Battery is Added (Optional)

If you've opted for a solar battery system, you'll see the installation team add this component after connecting the inverter. The battery is typically installed in a convenient location such as your garage. The installers will mount the battery securely on the wall or floor ensuring it's level and stable. They'll then connect the battery to your solar system's inverter and your home's electrical panel.

This connection allows excess energy produced by your solar panels to be stored in the battery for later use, rather than being sent back to the grid. With a solar battery installed, you'll have the ability to use solar energy even when the sun isn't shining which increases your energy independence and potentially reduces your reliance on the grid.

Looking for excellent solar battery storage? Our detailed guide explores the cost and features of the Tesla Powerwall 3.

Step 8 - Solar Panels are Tested

Once all components are installed and connected, the installation team will move on to the crucial testing phase. They will conduct a series of tests to ensure your solar panel system is functioning correctly and safely. First, they'll check all electrical connections to confirm they're secure and properly insulated. Then, they'll verify that the inverter is communicating correctly with the panels and converting DC to AC power as intended.

The team will also test the system's output to ensure it's producing the expected amount of electricity based on the current sunlight conditions. They may use specialised equipment to simulate different scenarios and check the system's performance. Also, they'll test any monitoring systems to make sure you can track your energy production accurately. This thorough testing process helps identify and address any potential issues before your system goes live.

Step 9 - Receive Your MCS Pack to Apply for SEG Tariffs

After the installation and testing are complete, you'll receive your Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS) handover pack. This pack is a crucial document that confirms your solar panel system has been installed to the required standards by a certified installer. It contains important information about your system, including its specifications, performance estimates and warranty details.

You'll also need this pack to apply for the Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) tariff which allows you to get paid for any excess electricity you export back to the grid. The pack will include all the necessary paperwork and guidance on how to apply for the SEG tariff with your chosen energy supplier. Make sure to keep this pack in a safe place as it's not only essential for the SEG application but also valuable for future reference regarding your solar panel system's maintenance and performance.

Can Solar Panels Be Installed on Flat Roofs?

While it is possible to install solar panels on flat roofs, it is generally not considered the ideal option for residential settings. Flat roof installations are typically more prevalent in commercial projects because commercial roofs are generally stronger and can support the weight of the solar panels as well as the ballasts needed.

Also, commercial properties often have larger, unobstructed spaces that allow for optimal panel placement and energy production. In residential settings, flat roofs may present challenges such as limited sunlight exposure due to surrounding structures and potential drainage issues.

If you have a flat roof and are considering installing solar panels, consult with a professional solar panel installer, such as Glow Green, who can assess your roof's suitability and address any questions or concerns you may have.

Can Solar Panels Be Installed on the Ground?

Yes, solar panels can be installed on the ground, and this is known as a ground-mounted solar system. This option is ideal if your roof is not suitable for solar panels due to shading, structural issues or limited space. Ground-mounted systems are installed using metal frames that secure the panels at an optimal angle to capture sunlight efficiently.

They can be placed in open areas with good sun exposure which allows you to maximise energy production. While ground-mounted systems require more space and may involve higher installation costs compared to roof-mounted systems, they offer easier access for maintenance and cleaning.

Can You Install Solar Panels on Your Own?

While it's technically possible for you to install solar panels on your own, it's generally not recommended due to the complexity and potential risks involved. Installing solar panels requires specialised knowledge of electrical systems and roof structures. You would need to handle heavy equipment, work at heights and make precise electrical connections.

Also, improper installation can lead to roof damage, reduced system efficiency or even safety hazards. DIY installation may also void warranties and make you ineligible for certain incentives such as the SEG. For these reasons, it's usually best to hire a certified solar installer, such as Glow Green, who can ensure your system is set up safely and efficiently.

How Solar Panels Are Installed FAQs