1. Soaking up the Sun: Solar panels, installed on your rooftop or ground, are like sun sponges. They soak up sunlight and convert it into direct current (DC) electricity.

2. From DC to AC: The DC power then travels to an inverter, usually mounted near your home's electrical panel. Here, the magic happens. The inverter transforms the DC current into alternating current (AC) electricity, the kind you can use to power your home.

3. Balancing the Power: Here's the clever part. If your solar panel kit generates more electricity than your home needs, the surplus is sent back to the grid. If they don't produce enough, don't worry – your home can draw extra power from the grid.

4. Tracking the Energy: A meter keeps an eye on your solar electricity usage, as well as any grid power you consume. It's your personal energy accountant, keeping tabs on your consumption.

5. Maximising Solar Power: Your solar panels are strategically oriented towards the sun to optimise production throughout the day. This system ensures you have a steady supply of clean, renewable electricity to power your home.
   So, you see, adding solar panels to your home is like having your own mini power station. You're generating electricity, reducing your energy bills, and helping to lower your carbon footprint. Plus, with the UK government's Smart Export Guarantee, you could even make money by selling your excess electricity back to the grid.

Imagine having the power to turn sunshine into electricity. Sounds like magic, right? Well, that's exactly what your home solar panel kits do every day. Let's take a peek under the glass cover to understand how it works:

1. Meet the Photovoltaics: Inside each solar panel, you'll find special cells called photovoltaics. These are made of a semiconductor material, usually silicon, that's really good at absorbing sunlight.

2. Sunshine Sparks Action: When sunlight hits a photovoltaic cell, it's like a wake-up call for the electrons in the silicon. The energy from the sunlight gets absorbed by these electrons, which then get knocked loose and start moving around.

3. The Electric Dance: Here's where it gets interesting. Each cell has one layer packed with extra electrons (the negative side) and one layer that's a bit short on electrons (the positive side). This imbalance creates an electric field, sort of like an invisible push, that directs the loose electrons. This movement of electrons is what we call electricity.

4. Teamwork Makes the Dream Work: A single cell can't do much on its own, so lots of these cells are wired together and housed between a protective glass cover and a sturdy backing. The result? A complete solar panel kit ready to generate electricity for your home.

5. Maximising Efficiency: To squeeze the most power out of the sun, these cells work best when they're pointed directly at the sun. The type of silicon and the cell design also play a role in how efficient they are at converting sunlight to power.

So, there you have it, a sneak peek into the fascinating world inside your solar panels!

"Solar cell, also called photovoltaic cell, any device that directly converts the energy of light into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect."

(Britannica)

When it comes to your solar panel system, the panels themselves often steal the limelight. But there's another key player that deserves recognition: the inverter. This helpful device is like a translator, helping your solar energy speak the same language as your home's electrical system.

1. Two Types of Current: Your solar panels are hard at work capturing sunlight and transforming it into electricity - specifically, direct current (DC) electricity. Now, DC electricity is great, but it's a bit like a one-way street: electrons can only flow in one direction.

2. The Switch Up: Your home, on the other hand, needs alternating current (AC) electricity to power everything from your fridge to your phone charger. With AC, electrons have the freedom to switch direction back and forth.

3. The Translator: Enter the inverter. It takes the DC power flowing from your solar panels and turns it into the AC power your home needs. In other words, it makes sure your solar electricity can run all your household devices.

4. The Bottom Line: Without the inverter, your solar panel system and your home's electrical system would be like two people trying to converse in different languages. The inverter makes sure they're both on the same page.

So, the next time you're enjoying the benefits of your solar energy - whether that's saving on your electricity bills or reducing your carbon footprint - don't forget to give a nod to your inverter. It's the unsung hero making it all possible!

"A solar inverter is an electrical converter which changes the direct current (DC) electricity captured by solar panels, into alternating current (AC), which is the standard flow of electricity required for electrical circuits and domestic appliances." (HIES Scheme)

Imagine this: it's a sunny day in the UK, and your solar panels are busily soaking up all that free energy from the sun. But wait, your home can't use all that electricity right now. So, what happens to the excess? That's where solar batteries come to the rescue. They're the secret weapon in your solar panel system, helping you keep hold of that precious, renewable solar energy.

1. Sunshine Bank: Think of solar batteries as your personal energy bank. During those sunny spells when your solar panels are generating more electricity than your home needs, the extra power is stored in the batteries.

2. 24/7 Solar Power: Solar batteries mean you're not just a daytime solar power user. Even when the sun has set or hidden behind clouds, you can still use the electricity that's been stashed away in your batteries.

3. Maximise your Solar Benefit: By adding batteries to your solar panel system, you're ensuring no drop of solar power goes to waste. You're making the most of the sun's free energy, reducing your electricity bills and carbon footprint even more.

4. The Best of the Bunch: Lithium-Ion Batteries: When it comes to solar storage, lithium-ion batteries are a popular choice. These compact powerhouses connect to your solar controller and inverter, balancing the flow of power between the panels, batteries, and your home.

So, with solar batteries in your arsenal, you're not just installing solar panels, you're installing a round-the-clock solar power system. You're capturing sunshine for later use, saving money, and making a positive impact on the environment. Now, that's a bright idea!

"Battery storage technologies are essential to speeding up the replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energy. Battery storage systems will play an increasingly pivotal role between green energy supplies and responding to electricity demands." National Grid

Monocrystalline panels are made from a single crystal of silicon, making them the most efficient. Recognisable by their dark colour and rounded corners.

Polycrystalline panels are formed from multiple silicon crystal fragments, so are slightly less efficient. They have a speckled blue appearance.

Thin-film panels are fabricated by depositing thin layers of photovoltaic material onto substrates. The least efficient but cheapest option.

Bifacial panels can absorb sunlight on both front and rear surfaces. They posess a higher energy yield but are more expensive.

Flexible panels are manufactured with thin-film cells on flexible plastic substrates. They can adapt to curved surfaces.

Ranking based on Efficiency, warranty and price per panel. Data used collated from manufacturer datasheets and is correct at time of publishing (02/11/23). Data will be checked and verified every 6 months.

Key factors that contribute to high efficiency include the silicon cell structure, with monocrystalline being the most efficient, as well as advanced cell technologies like heterojunction and tunnel oxide passivated contacts.

While highly efficient panels tend to be more expensive, they can generate more power per square foot and may be a good choice where space is limited.

Going with a high efficiency panel enables homeowners to maximise the power output of their solar array.

Ranking based on Efficiency, warranty and price per panel. Data used collated from manufacturer datasheets and is correct at time of publishing (02/11/23). Data will be checked and verified every 6 months.

Dreaming of switching to solar power but worried about the costs? No worries! You can still enjoy the benefits of solar energy without breaking the bank. Cheap solar panels are available to make your renewable energy dreams come true.

Manufacturers like Trina Solar, Jinko, and Canadian Solar offer some of the most affordable panels.

These panels may not be as efficient as their premium counterparts, but they're easier on the wallet, ranging from around £0.30 to £0.60 per watt. That's quite a steal compared to premium panels which can reach up to £2 per watt!

Ranking based on Efficiency, warranty and price per panel, customer reviews. Data used collated from manufacturer datasheets and is correct at time of publishing (02/11/23). Data will be checked and verified every 6 months.

When it comes to solar panel manufacturing, several names stand out for their quality, reliability, and innovation.

These trailblazers in the solar industry offer a wide range of products to cater to diverse needs and budgets.

Data collected from Trustpilot and is correct as of 01/11/23. Data will be checked and verified every 6 months.

The average home needs between 15-25 standard solar panels ranging from 250-400 watts each.

First, you'll need to figure out your home's electricity consumption, measured in kWh per year. Factors influencing this include:

• The size of your home
• The number of people living there
• The appliances you have
• Your lighting setup
• The use of HVAC systems
• Your local climate

Once you have your annual energy usage, divide that by the peak sun-hour production rate in your area. This will give you the size of the solar system you need, in kW. Then, divide that system size by the output of each solar panel model to figure out how many panels you'll need.

Choosing a larger solar array can help you maximise your energy offset and savings over time, especially as electric rates increase. So, installing solar isn't just good for the environment – it's also a savvy move for your wallet!

"Given my average consumption of X kWh of electricity per year, and the annual average of Y kWh/m2/day of solar insolation, [how many solar panels](/solar-advice/how-many-solar-panels) of efficiency Z percent will I need to install for my home to become energy independent?” MIT

The number of solar panels you're allowed to install in your home can be influenced by a few different factors. In the UK, there isn't a set limit on how many panels you can have, but you'll need to consider things like your roof size, local planning restrictions, and grid connection rules.

Most UK homes have enough roof space to accommodate 10-20 standard solar panels. That's enough to generate 2-5kW of power. You typically won't need planning permission for installing solar panels on domestic properties, unless they protrude excessively. However, if your home is located in a conservation area, is listed or has another protected status, there might be more regulations to comply with.

One of the main considerations when deciding on your solar pv system size is your grid export limit. For a single-phase connection, this is usually 4-5kW. If you exceed this, you might need to pay for a pricier 3-phase grid upgrade. Your solar panel installer can guide you on the rules for your specific area and roof type, helping you determine the best solar panel system size for your home.

With no hard and fast limit, UK homeowners have the flexibility to generate a great amount of solar electricity.

"The installation of solar panels and equipment on residential buildings and land may be 'permitted development' with no need to apply to the Local Planning Authority for planning permission.” Planning Portal

Most solar PV systems in UK homes are connected to the main electricity grid. This grid-tied setup allows any excess electricity generated by your solar panels to be exported back to the grid. It also means you can draw energy from the grid when your solar production might be low (like on cloudy days or overnight). You won't need much storage with this system, as the grid acts as your backup.

On the other hand, stand-alone or off-grid solar PV systems operate independently from the national grid. This means they need to meet all your energy needs on their own. How do they do this? They're usually equipped with:

• A battery storage system to store excess energy for use when your solar panels aren't producing electricity.

• Charge controllers to manage the power going into the batteries.

• Larger solar arrays to ensure you have enough power round the clock.

Off-grid solar can work anywhere, but it's crucial to ensure you have enough solar resources (i.e., sunshine) and enough storage capacity to handle your energy usage.

So, which is better? Well, it depends on your situation. Whilst we do not offer Stand-alone PV Systems, we can help advise you on the right option for you. A grid-connected system is usually simpler and often more cost-effective if your home has access to the grid.

In most cases, planning permission is not required to install solar panels in England and Wales. As long as panels are sited sensitively and don't protrude excessively, they can be fitted to most homes under permitted development rights.

Exceptions are if the building is listed or in a designated area like a conservation area, national park or Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Planning rules also differ in Scotland and Northern Ireland with more restrictions.

Even permitted development installations should follow best practices on panel size, positioning and visibility.

Full planning permission may be needed in sensitive sites or for large ground-mounted arrays.

Always check local authority rules first. But generally, UK households have good flexibility to adopt solar without lengthy planning applications.

Installing solar panels does not negatively affect home insurance in most cases.

It's important to know that your shiny new solar equipment, including the panels themselves, inverters, and mounts, aren't usually covered under standard policies. To ensure these are protected against damage and theft, you'll need to add on some extra coverage. This is known as a rider and typically only adds about 1-3% to your total annual premium.

If you're considering a larger solar system, with a greater number of panels, you'll also need to take into account firefighter access and roof load issues.

So, while insurers are generally supportive of solar installations, it's essential to ensure you have the right policy additions in place. With the correct coverage, you can look forward to the annual savings on your electricity bills that come with solar energy, without any additional insurance headaches.

So, don't let insurance worries stop you from exploring solar energy for your home.

Pitched roofs between 30-40 degrees are preferred over flat roofs. Nearby trees or buildings that cast shadows will reduce output. You typically need at least 40 square metres of usable roof space for a decent-sized array. Other considerations are roof age and condition, construction type, and proximity to grid connections.

You may have some questions about how to make sure your home is suitable for solar panels. Here, we'll explain it all in a friendly, jargon-free way.

A few elements determine how well your home might work with solar energy:

Orientation of your roof: If your roof faces south, it's a good news in the UK, as these roofs catch the most sunlight. But even if your roof is north facing, don't fret - there are solutions for you too.

• The angle of your roof: Roofs with a pitch between 30-40 degrees are great for soaking up the sun, but solar panels can be installed on flat roofs as well.

• Shade and space: Any trees or tall buildings casting shadows on your roof can reduce your panel's efficiency. And, you'll typically need at least 40 square metres of roof space for a standard solar PV system.

• Other considerations: Also important are the age and condition of your roof, the type of building, and how close you are to grid connections.

You might have some restrictions if you live in a listed building or conservation area, but most homes don't need planning permission to install solar panels.

Making Solar Work for You

Even if your home doesn't tick all the 'ideal' boxes, you can still benefit from solar energy. A solar professional can assess your property and determine if it's suitable for solar panels. They'll also recommend the best system design for your home.

Remember, most UK homes have a good solar potential with the right system and placement. So, don't worry if conditions aren't perfect. You can still generate free electricity, feed excess electricity back to the National Grid, and save money on your energy bills each year.

It's important to understand how your UK location might affect your solar installation.

Where you live in the UK can bring certain factors into play when it comes to installing solar pv:

• Sunlight availability: More sunlight equals more solar power. Southern England tends to get more sunlight compared to northern regions, which could mean more energy generated by your solar PV panels.

• Weather conditions: Areas with frequent storms, snow, or hail might require more robust solar equipment. But remember, solar panels work efficiently across most of the UK.

• Local regulations: Homes in conservation areas, national parks, or Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) may face more planning restrictions. The process for connecting your solar system to the National Grid can also vary by location and local council.

Figuring out which direction your home faces is an important early step when assessing solar potential.

Homes oriented south get the most direct sunlight in the northern hemisphere, maximising solar production.

East and west-facing homes can also generate solar but at different times of day. Use a compass or smartphone app to determine your home's orientation.

The angle or pitch of your roof also impacts how suitable it is for solar panels. Steeper south-facing roofs are ideal as they get more direct sunlight exposure. Flatter roofs can work but will produce less energy.

The strength and structural integrity of your roof is crucial when assessing solar potential. Solar panels and racks add weight that not all roofs can handle.

Rooftop solar panel systems are fitted directly on top of pitched residential or commercial roofs. This is the most common installation method, utilising available roof space in the UK.

Installation Methods

Rooftop solar panels are mounted using rails attached to the roof rafters. Common methods:

• Flush mounting lays panels flat on the roof surface. Unobtrusive but suboptimal tilt.
• Tilted mounting angles panels for better sun exposure, especially on flatter roofs. More visible.
• Integrated mounting incorporates solar tiles for a seamless look. More costly but aesthetically preferred by some.

Structural Factors

Rooftops must be assessed for structural integrity as panels add weight. Typical additions:

• 3-5 lbs per square foot of pressure
• Reinforcement often needed for ageing roofs
• Rafter spacing impacts options

Siting and Positioning

Optimal solar rooftop location depends on:

• Roof orientation - South/SW is best
• Roof pitch and angle
• Avoiding shading from trees or other rooflines

Proper siting is critical to maximise sunlight capture.

Costs

Typical rooftop solar costs range:

• £5000-£8000 for a 3-5 kW system
• £950-£2500 per kW installed
• Additional costs if roof reinforcement needed

Ground mounted solar panel systems are freestanding structures installed directly into the ground, typically in larger open gardens.

Installation Methods

Common ground mount installation methods:

• Pole mounts use vertical posts dug or driven into the ground. Simple and cost-effective.
• Ballasted footing mounts use concrete blocks or ground screws to anchor to the surface.
• Tracker mounts move panels to follow the sun's path, maximising energy production.

Siting Considerations

Optimal location depends on:

• South/southwest sun exposure
• Available open garden space
• Local planning laws and permit requirements
• Avoiding shading from trees or structures

Proper clearance from buildings and property lines is required.

Costs

Typical installed costs:

• £10,000-£20,000 for a 5-10 kW system
• £1000-£2500 per kW
• Higher for trackers or concrete ballast mounting

Summary

Ground mounting utilises garden space for solar access. Allows large systems. Siting, permitting and costs vary.

Flat roof solar panel systems are installed on low-angle or flat commercial rooftops using specialised mounting equipment.

Installation Methods

Common flat roof mounting techniques:

• Ballasted footing mounts use concrete or gravel ballast blocks to anchor to roof surface.
• Penetrating mounts attach directly to the roof structure for maximum wind resistance.
• Tilted racking angles panels for optimal sunlight capture.

Structural Factors

• Age, warranty, and life expectancy
• Load capacity and reinforcement needs
• Waterproofing methods and flashing details

Costs

Typical installed cost:

• £5000-£10000 per kW
• Higher for commercial scale systems
• Reinforcement and custom mounts add expense

Summary

Flat roof solar maximises unused roof space. Robust engineering ensures secure, long-lasting mounts and waterproofing.

Commercial solar systems are large-scale arrays designed to offset major energy consumption for industrial, retail, and office buildings.

System Sizing

Typical commercial solar system size:

• 50-500 kW for small/medium businesses
• 500 kW - 5+ MW for large facilities

Adequate open roof space is required, often covering 20,000+ square feet.

Installation Methods

Common commercial solar mounting:

• Tilted racking for angled roof planes
• Elevated flat roof ballasted mounts
• Ground mounts on ancillary sites or elevated canopies

Costs

Commercial solar costs:

• £1000-£1500 per kW installed
• Total investment from £100,000 to £5 million+

Incentives like tax credits and accelerated depreciation can improve ROI.

Summary

Large commercial solar arrays offset substantial energy usage. Requires adequate roof space and custom engineering.

• Regular Upkeep: Comparable to a vehicle, your solar PV panels necessitate regular upkeep. Keeping your panels clean and connections in check helps ensure they function optimally. This simple routine can prevent potential problems that may lessen the output of your system.

• Monitoring at the Panel Level: It's essential to periodically monitor the performance of each solar panel. By doing so, you can identify and rectify any issues promptly, ensuring your solar PV system operates at peak efficiency.

• Synchronise Your Energy Consumption: Attempt to operate your appliances and other electrical equipment during the sun's peak hours. By synchronising your energy consumption with when your panels are generating the most electricity, you can maximise the use of the energy they produce.

• Optimum Positioning: Ensure your panels are oriented south and angled correctly to capture the maximum amount of sunlight throughout the year. Also, remember to remove any potential shading from growing vegetation.

• Anticipate Upgrades Typically, solar panels and inverters can last for several years, often exceeding a decade. However, allocating funds for future upgrades to system components can help sustain a high output over the long term.

• Be Informed About Financial Incentives: Stay updated on local incentives, such as the Smart Export Guarantee, tax credits, and rebates for solar panel installations. These can make the financial aspects of adopting renewable energy more appealing. Also, remember to review your net metering rules and rates when your contract is due for renewal.

By employing these strategies, you can save money on your electricity costs, reduce your energy consumption, and contribute to a greener future with your residential solar panels. The solar panels cost may be offset by the savings on your energy bills and the payments you receive from your energy supplier for feeding energy back into the grid.

The UK government supports these initiatives to promote the use of renewable energy across the country.

Trim any overhanging tree branches that may cause shading. Check that mounting structures remain securely attached, adjusting or reinforcing if needed. Inspect electrical connections and wires for damage while being mindful of safety.

Consider panel-level monitoring to identify underperformers. Budgeting for periodic system tune-ups and component replacement/upgrades will maintain optimal output over the decades-long lifetime of your PV system.

Staying on top of maintenance protects your investment and maximises solar savings.

The cost of solar panels in the UK can vary greatly depending on the size of the system, type of equipment, and installation factors. Here is a breakdown of average costs:

Equipment Costs

Installation Costs

Total System Costs

When it comes to solar panels, higher prices often reflect higher quality components, construction, and performance. However, cost is not the only factor in determining panel quality.

Key Quality Factors Besides Price:

Efficiency - higher rates 15%+ reduce space needed.

Warranties - 25+ years for top products.

Brand Reputation - established players tend to use better materials.

Certifications - look for international standards.

Durability Testing - check hail/wind/cycling ratings.

Manufacturing Consistency - low variability in output.

Balance Price and Performance:

The most expensive panels are not always the best option. Compare warranties, efficiencies and certifications between brands across pricing tiers.

Aim for the "sweet spot" between price and quality - good value from reputable mid-range brands.

Panel Efficiency:

More efficient panels produce more energy in the same space. High efficiency panels (20%+) cost more.

Panel Brand & Quality:

Premium brands command higher prices. Quality of materials and manufacturing impacts price.

Panel Size:

Larger panels cost more but require fewer units. Economies of scale make utility-scale cheaper per watt.

Mounting/Hardware:

Ground mounts are lower cost than rooftop. Complex roofing adds expenses.

Installation Complexity:

Commercial scale systems cost more to install. Custom engineering and electrical work add cost.

Location:

Rural installs cost less than congested urban areas. London and South East have highest prices.

Supply & Demand:

Solar panel pricing is very competitive globally. Economic conditions influence supply chain costs.

Incentives & Taxes:

VAT tax impacts final pricing.

Installing solar panels allows households to reduce their electricity bills by generating their own renewable power. The savings come from lower grid imports and earning income through solar export tariffs. For a typical 4 kW system, average savings range from £300-£500 per year. Larger installs can save even more annually. The table below shows potential bill reductions for different solar panel system sizes:

These savings will accumulate over the 25+ year lifetime of a solar PV system. With electricity prices projected to rise, solar bill reductions will grow over time and could offset over £10,000 in grid electricity costs. The key factors influencing savings are solar panel production, electricity rates, and export tariff income. Overall, solar energy can lead to substantially cheaper bills over decades.

Solar panels can be a worthwhile investment for many British homeowners and businesses with the right conditions. Key factors that improve the value proposition of solar PV in the UK include:

• High and rising electricity rates make solar savings significant.

• Generous export tariffs through the Smart Export Guarantee provide added revenues.

• Low interest loans or financing options are available for solar installations.

• ROI timelines for purchased systems now average 5-7 years.

• Panels typically last 25+ years allowing decades of electricity savings.

• Property values increase an average of 3-5% for solar homes.

• Environmental benefits appeal to eco-conscious consumers.

The optimal solar payback depends on system size, equipment, location incentives, electricity usage and financing. Carefully evaluating these parameters for your specific situation is recommended.

For many, the long-term energy savings, income potential, property value improvements and environmental gains make solar power a worthwhile investment if financially viable based on your own circumstances.

Investing in a solar PV system can provide multiple financial benefits that improve the return on investment over time. Key financial gains include:

Electricity Bill Savings

• Solar energy offsets high utility rates
• Reduce grid purchases by 20-40%

Export Tariff Income

• Earn money for excess solar power exported
• Rates of 5-6 p/kWh through Smart Export Guarantee

Avoided Price Hikes

• Solar locks in lower rates vs grid increases
• Electricity prices projected to rise 30%+

Property Value Increase

• Solar homes sell for 3-5% more
• Appeals to eco-conscious buyers

Accelerated Depreciation

• Tax benefit for commercial solar arrays

Income Streams

• Leasing roof space to solar companies

Adding solar PV panels can improve the value and appeal of your home or building for prospective buyers or tenants. Key property benefits include:

• Increased Resale Value - Homes with solar systems sell for around 3-5% more on average as buyers value the long-term utility savings and environmental benefits. This price premium can recoup your initial investment.

• Energy Efficiency Appeal - Solar power enhances the energy efficiency of your property, making it more attractive in the real estate market. Eco-conscious buyers actively look for green energy features.

• Lower Bills - Tenants are drawn to properties with lower electricity costs thanks to solar power generation. This translates to higher rental income potential.

• Improved Condition - Installing panels, mounts and wiring improves the overall condition of the roof. Proper weatherproofing ensures leaks are fixed.

• Modernisation - Solar modernises ageing properties with cutting-edge green technology that buyers look for.

Solar can boost property value both for your own gain when selling, as well as enhancing rental income potential through energy efficiency upgrades. The value adds stack up both environmentally and financially.

"Cheaper, more efficient solar panels and the modular nature of energy production makes solar power the perfect fit for real estate, allowing the sector to evolve and embrace solar’s huge potential.” Savills

The Smart Export Guarantee requires energy suppliers to pay households for excess solar electricity exported to the grid. This provides an additional revenue stream from solar PV installations.

How it Works:

• Solar panels generate more power than consumed during daylight hours.

• The surplus is exported back to the electricity grid.

• Smart meters track both the import and export of energy.

• Suppliers must pay for each kWh exported based on a tariff rate.

Tariff Rates

• Rates vary by provider and change over time. Shopping around is advised.
• Payments are made as bill credits reducing electricity costs.

The SEG provides solar homes an added income stream that improves ROI on solar investments.

Some local councils offer grant schemes or initiatives to help residents and businesses install solar PV panels in their area. These may include:

• Direct financial grants to cover a portion of solar panel system costs. The amount varies by council.

• Low-interest green loans for solar installation and energy efficiency upgrades.

• Solar Together group buying programs that use bulk purchasing to reduce solar costs.

• Free solar assessments and installation support for households.

• Planning and permitting assistance for larger solar projects.

• Pilot schemes focused on low-income housing or community buildings.

• Partnerships with local installers approved for council-backed programs.

The availability, criteria and funding for council solar grants depends on location. Some focus on households while others target public buildings. Checking solar policies on your council website is advised. Local support can make installations more affordable.

• London offers group discount schemes and financing to encourage residential solar.

• Bristol provides household grants and focused low-income housing programs.

• Sheffield supports community building installs and offers rate relief for businesses.

• Kent gives grants for companies and aids large solar development.

Several grant schemes exist to help social housing providers install solar PV systems on their properties. These include:

• Social Housing Decarbonisation Fund - The social housing decarbonisation scheme provides up to £16,000 per social home to support energy efficiency upgrades including solar panel installations. Funded by BEIS.

• Renewable Heat Incentive - RHI provides Ongoing payments for 20 years based on the heat energy generated from eligible solar thermal panels.

• Smart Export Guarantee - Requires energy suppliers to pay for excess solar electricity exported to the grid. Provides income stream.

• Local Authority Delivery Scheme - Some councils offer grants and finance to supplement housing association solar schemes.

• Solar Together - Group buying scheme with discounts up to 40% off solar costs for housing associations. Funded by BEIS.

In addition, housing associations may be eligible for tax relief, low interest loans, and procurement savings when installing large scale solar across their housing portfolio. The grants and incentives can make going solar very cost effective.

The ECO scheme places requirements on UK energy suppliers to fund energy efficiency improvements in British homes, including the installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems.

Key features:

• Targets low income and vulnerable households unable to fund upgrades.

• Focused on insulating homes and heating improvements.

• Also used to fund solar PV installs as part of broader retrofits.

• Delivered through obligated suppliers working with installers.

• Scheme phases ran from 2013-2022 with various funding pots.

• £640 million allocated in ECO3 phase for renewable technology.

• Suppliers meet targets through green subsidy charges on consumer bills.

While not exclusively for solar, ECO has facilitated thousands of low-income household solar installations over the years through energy supplier obligations and funding.

The Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS) is an industry standard that solar panel installers must meet to demonstrate their competence.

MCS certification requires installers to undergo training, have proven expertise, hold professional qualifications, carry correct insurances, and install equipment that meets set standards.

MCS accredited installers must follow strict regulations and quality procedures for each installation.

They are regularly audited to verify ongoing compliance. Homeowners should always check for MCS certification when choosing a solar installer, as this validates they have met stringent criteria.

The MCS quality mark offers assurance that the installer will deliver a compliant, safe and properly functioning solar system.

Most homes require 20-40 panels to offset a majority of their electricity use. For example, a 2,000 sq ft house that consumes 10,000 kWh/year would need around 30 panels with 300W capacity to generate 80-90% of its energy.

Homes with electric vehicles or heat pumps may need 50+ panels. Smaller roofs may fit 12-15 panels to provide 30-40% of power.

The 20% rule states that your solar array's total wattage should be around 20% of your home's average energy usage. For example, if your household uses 10,000 kWh of electricity per year, then your system should be around 2,000 Watts (10,000 kWh x 0.2).

This percentage allows your solar panels to offset a sizable portion of your home's energy needs without overproducing excess unused power.

Most homes are well-suited to have panel strength ranging from 250-400 watts. Higher watt panels generate more electricity but require more roof area. For small to mid-sized households, panels around 300W provide an ideal balance of productivity and space efficiency.

In the UK, buying solar panels can be a smart investment for many homeowners. The benefits include:

• Generating your own renewable electricity to offset high energy bills.

• Typical savings of £200-£300 per year on electricity costs.

• Additional income from government incentives like the Smart Export Guarantee.

• Increased property value by adding a solar system.

• Lower carbon footprint from running your home on green power.

• Return on investment within 7-10 years in most cases.

The average cost for 1 solar photovoltaic panel in the UK is £150-£350 per panel.

Standard panels sized around 1.7m x 1m with power output of 330-400W tend to cost £200-£300 each.

High efficiency or premium brand panels can run £300-£350. Lower wattage or smaller panels may cost as little as £150-£180.

A 4.8 kW solar system in the UK costs between £5,000 - £8,000 installed.

For a system around this size, you would usually need 16 panels rated at 300 watts each. At roughly £200 per 300W panel, the panels themselves would cost about £3,200.

Adding a 4kW solar inverter at around £500, mounting hardware, cables and other electrical accessories takes the equipment total to approximately £4,000-£5,000.

Installation, scaffolding, permits and labor typically adds another £1,000-£3,000. Roof type, accessibility and your location influences install costs.