How Do Solar Panels Work?Why Are You Considering Solar Panels?How Can I Use Solar Panels?Types Of Solar PanelsDo Solar Panels Need Direct Sunlight?Are There Any Roofing Considerations?Where Else Could I Install Solar Panels?How Many Solar Panels Do I Need?What Is Battery Storage And Is It Required?How Much Will Installation Cost?How Much Could I Save A Year?Can I Get A Solar Panel Grant?Do Solar Panels Need Maintenance?How Long Do Solar Panels Last?Choosing A Solar Panel InstallerThings To Know Before Buying Solar Panels FAQs
How Do Solar Panels Work?Why Are You Considering Solar Panels?How Can I Use Solar Panels?Types Of Solar PanelsDo Solar Panels Need Direct Sunlight?Are There Any Roofing Considerations?Where Else Could I Install Solar Panels?How Many Solar Panels Do I Need?What Is Battery Storage And Is It Required?How Much Will Installation Cost?How Much Could I Save A Year?Can I Get A Solar Panel Grant?Do Solar Panels Need Maintenance?How Long Do Solar Panels Last?Choosing A Solar Panel InstallerThings To Know Before Buying Solar Panels FAQs
It's crucial to understand that there are numerous factors to consider when looking to install a solar energy system - it's not only about choosing a solar panel or installer.
In our comprehensive buying guide, we'll walk you through a range of important considerations that go beyond just selecting panels. From assessing your energy needs to roofing, we've got you covered with everything you need to know before making this significant investment in clean energy.
Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity through a process called the photovoltaic effect. Each panel is made up of many solar cells, typically composed of silicon. When sunlight hits these cells, it excites electrons creating an electric current. This direct current (DC) is then sent to an inverter which converts it into alternating current (AC) for use in your home. Any excess electricity can be stored in batteries or sent back to the grid, allowing you to reduce your energy bills and contribute to a more sustainable energy future.
You can read more about how solar panels work in our home solar panels guide.
Did You Know?
The UK aims to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 with a target to reduce emissions by 68% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels.
Before investing in solar panels, it's wise to reflect on your motivations and what you hope to achieve once they are installed. Understanding your reasons for going solar can help guide your decisions and ensure that the system you choose aligns with your goals.
Many homeowners our account managers have spoken to are turning to solar panels for various compelling reasons including:
Environmental Benefits: Solar panels generate clean energy helping to reduce your carbon footprint and combat climate change.
Cost Savings: After the initial investment, solar energy is free to use which can lead to savings on electricity bills.
Energy Independence: By generating your own electricity, you become less reliant on traditional energy providers and protect yourself from rising energy costs.
Perceived Increase In Property Value: Homes with solar panels may attract more buyers.
Low Maintenance: Solar panels require minimal upkeep, typically needing only an annual inspection to ensure optimal performance.
While solar panels are commonly used to power homes, there are several other practical applications:
Charge Electric Vehicles: Use solar energy to power your EV further reducing reliance on the grid.
Supplement Heat Pumps: Combine solar panels with heat pump systems for more efficient home heating.
Use a Battery for Later Use: Store excess solar energy in batteries which can provide backup during power outages.
Power Agricultural Equipment: Utilise solar panels to run irrigation systems, electric fencing and crop monitoring devices in rural farming operations.
When considering solar panels, it's important to understand the different types available as each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Here are the main types of solar panels:
Monocrystalline solar panels are made from a single crystal structure which allows them to achieve higher efficiency rates, typically between 15% and 22%. They are known for their sleek appearance and space efficiency making them ideal for homeowners with limited roof space. However, they tend to be more expensive than other options.
Polycrystalline solar panels are made from multiple crystal structures resulting in a lower manufacturing cost. Their efficiency usually ranges from 13% to 16% which makes them slightly less efficient than monocrystalline panels. They have a bluish hue and are generally larger requiring more space for installation. While they may have a lower upfront cost, they can take up more roof area as already mentioned.
Thin-film solar panels are made by layering photovoltaic material onto a substrate making them lightweight and flexible. They are less efficient than crystalline panels with efficiencies typically between 10% and 12%. However, they perform better in low-light conditions and high temperatures. Thin-film panels are often used in large-scale solar installations due to their lower cost and versatility but they require more space to generate the same amount of energy as crystalline panels.
While solar panels perform best in direct sunlight, they can still generate electricity on cloudy or overcast days. They rely on daylight rather than direct sunlight so even diffused light can produce energy. However, the efficiency and output may be reduced under less-than-ideal conditions making sunny locations more advantageous for solar installations.
Did You Know?
Solar panels can still generate electricity during winter, although their efficiency may drop due to shorter daylight hours and lower sun angles. Interestingly, they often perform better in cold temperatures as the cooler conditions allow electrons to move more freely which enhances energy production even on chilly days.
You'll need to evaluate your roof's suitability to determine if solar panels will work for your home:
Roof Orientation: A south-facing roof is ideal for maximum sunlight exposure but east and west-facing roofs can also be effective.
Roof Pitch: The optimal roof angle is between 30 to 40 degrees which is common in the UK but panels can still function outside this range.
Roof Material: Materials like asphalt shingles, metal and tiles are suitable while wood shake roofs can pose challenges.
Roof Condition: Ensure your roof is in good condition and can support the weight of solar panels. Consider replacing old tiles before installation.
Roof Size and Layout: Ensure there's enough unobstructed space for the panels, considering any vents or chimneys.
Shade and Sun Exposure: Check shading from trees or buildings as even partial shade can significantly impact energy output and reduce the overall efficiency of your solar panels.
Solar panel installers will also assess your roof's suitability for installation when evaluating your property.
Solar panels aren't limited to traditional roof installations. Here are some alternative locations where you can effectively install solar panels:
Installing solar panels on a flat roof is an option as it provides ample space for panel placement without the constraints of roof angles. This setup allows for optimal orientation where panels can be tilted to maximise sunlight exposure. Maintenance is also easier as accessing flat roofs for cleaning is generally more straightforward.
If you have sufficient garden space, ground-mounted solar panels can be an effective solution. This installation method allows you to position panels in the most advantageous locations, avoiding shading from trees or nearby structures.
Installing solar panels on a shed is another viable option allowing you to power tools, lights and other equipment without relying on grid electricity. This is particularly beneficial for sheds located away from your home as solar panels can provide an independent power source for remote areas.
Did You Know?
Europe’s largest floating solar farm is located on the Queen Elizabeth II Reservoir in Walton-on-Thames. This innovative installation features over 23,000 solar panels and has a capacity of 6.3 megawatts, enough to power around 1,800 homes. Completed in 2016, the floating solar farm helps Thames Water self-generate electricity for local water treatment facilities, contributing to a more sustainable energy future while minimising land use.
The number of solar panels you'll need depends on several key factors and there's no 'one-size-fits-all' answer. Your household's energy consumption is a primary consideration – the more electricity you use, the more panels you'll likely require to offset your usage.
Your geographic location also plays a crucial role. Areas with more sunlight hours and intensity may need fewer panels to produce the same amount of energy as locations with less favorable solar conditions. The orientation and pitch of your roof, as well as any shading issues, can affect the efficiency of your panels and, consequently, the number needed.
The efficiency and wattage of the solar panels you choose will also impact the total number required. Higher efficiency panels can produce more energy in a smaller area potentially reducing the number of panels needed.
It's also worth considering your energy goals. Are you aiming to offset all of your electricity usage or just a portion? Your answer will influence the system size and number of panels required.
Battery storage is essentially a large rechargeable battery system that works alongside your solar panels. Think of it as a giant power bank for your home.
During sunny periods, your solar panels often generate more electricity than your home needs at that moment. Without battery storage, this excess energy is typically sent back to the grid. However, with a battery system in place, you can store this surplus energy for later use. This stored power can then be used during nighttime hours when your solar panels aren't producing electricity or during cloudy days when they're generating less power. This process significantly reduces your reliance on the grid and ensures a more consistent energy supply for your home, regardless of the time of day or weather conditions.
However, battery systems do come with additional upfront costs. The decision to include battery storage should be based on your specific energy needs, goals and budget. Consulting with a professional solar installer can help you determine if battery storage is a worthwhile investment for your particular situation.
If you're looking for more information, you can read our article on solar battery sizes.
Did You Know?
In the UK, the Tesla Powerwall 3 was released in June 2024 and features a built-in solar inverter with 97.5% solar-to-grid efficiency. This integrated design eliminates the need for a separate inverter, improving overall system efficiency and potentially reducing installation costs for new solar setups.
Another crucial element to understand is the financial commitment involved. The cost of installing solar panels can vary significantly based on several factors but a typical 4kW solar panel system could cost you between £5,000 and £6,000 with installation. This price range covers not just the panels themselves, but also the delivery, materials, expected scaffolding, inverter and the labour costs for professional installation.
However, keep in mind that your actual costs may differ based on:
The size of your system - larger systems will naturally cost more.
The type of panels you choose - Premium panels come with a higher price tag.
Your roof's condition and accessibility - complex installations may increase labor costs.
Your location - prices can vary across different regions in the UK.
The best way to get a more accurate estimate of how much you will pay to install solar panels is to request a quote from a solar panel company.
Installing solar panels can lead to significant savings on your annual electricity bills. According to Money Saving Expert, a household with a 3.5 kilowatt-peak (kWp) system could save between £130 and £310 a year at the current Energy Price Cap rates. Though, it is important to understand that the amount you save can vary based on factors such as the size of your solar panel system, your household's energy consumption patterns and whether you use battery storage to maximise efficiency.
Since we've discussed the costs of installation, you might be wondering if there are grants available to help offset these expenses. In the UK, several schemes and incentives can make solar panels more affordable:
The ECO4 scheme is a government-backed initiative aiming to improve energy efficiency in low-income and vulnerable households. Here's what you need to know:
The scheme could cover up to 100% of solar panel installation costs.
Eligibility is based on receiving certain benefits or living in a home with a low Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) rating.
The scheme runs until March 2026.
To apply, contact participating energy suppliers or installers directly such as Glow Green. They will assess your eligibility and arrange for a property survey.
While not a grant, the Smart Export Guarantee scheme offers financial benefits for solar panel owners:
It allows you to sell excess electricity generated by your solar panels back to the grid.
Energy suppliers set their own rates so it's worth shopping around for the best deal.
The SEG can help offset your initial investment over time.
As of April 2022, the UK government introduced a 0% VAT rate on solar panel installations. While this isn't a grant, it's an incentive that can significantly reduce the overall cost of your solar system:
The 0% VAT rate applies to both the panels and installation costs.
This incentive is available until March 2027.
For a typical 4kW solar panel system, this could save you around £850 on VAT.
Remember, while grants and incentives can make solar panels more accessible, it's essential to consider your specific circumstances and energy needs before making a decision.
One of the appealing aspects of solar panels is that maintenance is minimal and typically doesn't require a significant time commitment. Most solar systems only need occasional cleaning to remove dirt, dust or debris that may accumulate on the panels, especially after storms or heavy pollen seasons. Though, this can usually be hosed off.
It's recommended to ask your installer about the specific maintenance requirements for your solar system as they can provide tailored guidance based on your setup and local conditions.
Solar panels are designed to last for a significant period typically around 25 to 30 years. The lifespan of solar panels varies based on several factors including the quality of the materials used, installation quality and ongoing maintenance.
Warranties for solar panels generally cover a period of 20 to 25 years, assuring homeowners that their panels will maintain a certain level of performance. While performance may decline, solar panels can continue to generate electricity well beyond their warranty period, albeit at reduced efficiency.
Did You Know?
According to Sunsave, over 1.4 million households in the UK have solar panels which is 4.9% of the country's total households. This significant number reflects the growing adoption of solar energy driven by increased demand for renewable energy sources and supportive government policies.
It's important to keep the following factors in mind when looking for a solar panel installer:
When choosing a solar panel installer, it’s essential to start by researching multiple companies in your area. By requesting quotes from at least three to five installers, you’ll gain a comprehensive understanding of the different offerings and price points available. This approach not only helps you identify competitive rates but also allows you to compare the services and warranties each company provides.
As you explore your options, consider whether you want to work with a local company or a nationwide firm. Local installers often offer personalised service and possess a deep understanding of regional factors that may impact your installation. On the other hand, nationwide companies might provide more competitive pricing, so long as they employ local installers who are familiar with your area's specific regulations and climate conditions, like Glow Green.
It's crucial to check the credentials of any installer you're considering. Look for MCS (Microgeneration Certification Scheme) certification which ensures that the installer meets industry standards for quality. Also, confirm that they are a member of the Renewable Energy Consumer Code (RECC) which indicates a commitment to ethical practices and consumer protection.
Evaluating the company’s history is another important step. Investigate how long the installer has been in business - while newer firms can still deliver excellent service, those with a longer track record often provide greater stability and experience. This background can be a significant indicator of reliability and expertise.
Don’t forget to read customer reviews on platforms like Trustpilot. Pay attention to the overall rating and the number of reviews as a higher volume of feedback generally suggests a more established company. Look for specific comments that highlight installation quality, customer service and post-installation support as these insights can help you gauge the installer’s reputation.
Finally, assess the knowledge and communication skills of your potential installer. Choose a company that demonstrates expertise in solar technology and is eager to answer your questions. They should be able to explain the installation process clearly, address any concerns you may have, provide detailed information about the equipment they use and offer guidance on system sizing based on your energy needs.
By following these steps, you’ll be well-equipped to select a solar panel installer who can deliver a high-quality installation and exceptional customer service.
To determine if solar panels are suitable for your home, consider factors such as your roof's orientation and angle, the amount of sunlight your property receives throughout the year and your current energy consumption. Also, check grants or schemes that may affect your decision as well as your budget for the initial investment.
There are primarily three types of solar panels: monocrystalline, polycrystalline and thin-film. Monocrystalline panels are known for their high efficiency and space-saving design while polycrystalline panels are generally more affordable but slightly less efficient. Thin-film panels are lightweight and flexible making them suitable for specific applications but they typically have lower efficiency compared to the other two types.
The cost of solar panels can vary significantly based on factors such as the type of panels you choose, the size of your system, installation costs and any additional equipment needed such as battery storage.
The installation of solar panels typically takes one to three days depending on the size of the system and the complexity of the installation.
Once installed, solar panels require minimal maintenance as they have no moving parts. Regular cleaning to remove dust and debris, along with periodic inspections to ensure everything is functioning correctly, is usually sufficient to keep your system operating efficiently.
